How the three fit together
ISPM 15 is the international standard, adopted under the International Plant Protection Convention. It sets the treatments, the mark and how repaired and remanufactured packaging is handled, but it binds no one on its own. Each country writes it into national law. The United States does so in 7 CFR 319.40-3, a USDA APHIS regulation. Canada does so in CFIA directive D-98-08, which applies to wood packaging from everywhere except the continental United States, with an exemption for US- and Canadian-origin wood shipped directly.
For a euro pallet arriving under European goods, the practical test in both countries is the same: a legible IPPC mark with a valid country code, producer code and treatment code, and no bark beyond the tolerance. In the US an inspector may order unmarked packaging re-exported; in Canada the CFIA may order non-compliant material treated before disposal or removal. The summaries below link to the official texts; check them before you rely on a detail.
All sheets
| Sheet | Summary |
|---|---|
| Canada's wood packaging directive D-98-08 | CFIA directive D-98-08 (11th version, effective 1 April 2026) on wood pallets entering Canada; scope, US exemption, approved treatments and non-compliance. |
| ISPM 15 for euro pallets | What ISPM 15 requires of wood pallets in international trade, the four treatment codes, the mark, repairs and what happens at the border. |
| US import rule for wood packaging (7 CFR 319.40-3) | How the US regulates imported wood pallets under 7 CFR 319.40-3(b), the mark it requires, re-export of unmarked pallets and the Canada and Defense exceptions. |